Helium leak detectors are high-precision vacuum leak detection systems used in finding local or integral vacuum leaks using various techniques like sniffer probe, spraying, etc.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a highly efficient method for imaging micro-nano structures. SEM has improved enormously to enhance image quality.

Aperture cleaning electron microscope is mainly achieved through thermal evaporation or plasma cleaning is an essential process to obtain high-resolution SEM/TEM images.

Outgassing is defined as the release of a gas which has been trapped, dissolved, absorbed or frozen in a material, a challenge in the way of high vacuum deposition.

Chalcogenide thin films deposition through different coating methods such as sputtering, possess special properties for solar cells, fuel cell, batteries, etc.

Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) is an improved version of SEM method with higher resolution imaging capability of micro and nano structures.

Transmission Electron Microscopy is a powerful tool that shows tiny structures in detail, allowing analysis of shape and elements of biological materials.

The history of electron microscope began in 1931 by Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll.Electron microscope invention created a powerful method for surface investigation.

Plasma is the fourth state of matter that can be reached in high energies. When atoms in a gas gain extremely high temperatures it goes to plasma phase.

SEM samples need to be prepared by a sample preparation process to intensify image clarity and a clean, dried, and conductive sample is ideal for SEM imaging.

EDX is a tool for elemental analysis performed during EM through inelastic scattering of electrons with specimens and generation of X-ray characteristic peaks.

Thin film, deposition of a nano/micrometer thin layer, on the bulk material can help to improve its surface features, which is widely used in science & industry.